Last Updated on 9 June 2024 by Brisbane Livewell Clinic
Often referred to as thrush, Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common fungal infection of the vulva and vagina, with Candida albicans responsible for 70 to 90% of cases. (1) While Candida species are considered commensal, Candida albicans becomes problematic when it changes from a coloniser to a pathogen, becoming an opportunistic yeast infection. (1)(2) As the second most common cause of genital infection in women of reproductive age, it affects 75% of women worldwide at least once in their lifetime.
(1) Often referred to as thrush, anywhere from 5 to 20% of women may go on to develop recurrent vaginal candidiasis (RVCC) – classed as four or more episodes per year. (1)(3) The discomfort of vaginal thrush leads many to seek treatment, with natural medicine a popular choice to assist in managing symptoms and helping prevent a recurrence.
In women, symptoms of VVC include: (4)
- extreme itching in the vaginal area
- soreness and redness in the vaginal area
- white clumpy vaginal discharge that can look like cottage cheese
- painful intercourse
Men can also experience genital candidiasis, as cross-contamination can occur between sexual partners and is more likely to occur in men who were not circumcised. (4) Male symptoms can include: (4)
- red rash on the penis
- itching and burning on the tip of the penis
Both partners must have a check-up to establish a diagnosis and rule out other causes of symptoms, including other sexually transmitted diseases. Thrush is not classed exclusively as an STD as it can occur for numerous reasons, with various causal factors contributing to yeast infection. (2) Thrush may be secondary to an infection, irritation, allergy or systemic disease, including diabetes. (5)(6) Antibiotics, poor diet, or a suppressed immune system can also increase candida yeast presence. (7) Susceptibility and increased risk of developing VVC also occur at different stages of life, including: (1)(6)(8)
- women aged 25–34 years old
- pregnant women, with an incidence of 27.8%
- immunocompromised patients
- the elderly
Naturopathic advice can include:
- Recommending an anti-candida diet – a tailored diet that works best for the individual, generally designed to eliminate sugar (which act as growth enhancers for microbes) and foods high in yeast (since they also favour the growth of Candida). (6)
- Treating the gut – hydrochloric acid, bile juices and pancreatic enzymes are digestive secretions that help to prevent the growth of microorganisms such as Candida into the absorptive sites in the gastrointestinal tract. (6) Treatment strategies to enhance and improve digestive capacity support treating VVC.
- Supporting the Liver – impaired liver function compromises detoxification, with accumulated toxins absorbed, making the individual more sensitive to chemicals, which in turn stimulates the overgrowth of Candida in the digestive tract. (6)
- Prescribing Herbs – Herbal medicines with anti-fungal properties can be applied to a treatment plan for VVC using various ingredients, incorporating some that are useful in treating C. Albicans in oral candidiasis. These include garlic, green tea, propolis, curcumin, liquorice root, cinnamon, resveratrol, ginger, and berberine. (9) Several other herbs can be used specifically for vaginal thrush, depending on the severity and case history.
- Treating the Individual – improving immunity, applying probiotics and addressing hormone imbalances are other factors that can help resolve symptoms. Stool and vaginal microbiome testing that can identify various Candida species are also available via the clinic.
Taking a Holistic Approach to treating Thrush
Natural treatment for thrush can be relatively simple and effective. While seeking advice about genital health may feel awkward, thrush is a common issue that requires addressing. Taking a natural approach is another way to ensure you live well.
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